{"id":228238,"date":"2017-12-19T10:01:36","date_gmt":"2017-12-19T13:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/?p=228238"},"modified":"2017-12-19T10:01:36","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T13:01:36","slug":"1946-ataque-do-viet-minh-sobre-hanoi-da-inicio-primeira-guerra-da-indochina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/1946-ataque-do-viet-minh-sobre-hanoi-da-inicio-primeira-guerra-da-indochina\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a01946 – Ataque do Viet Minh sobre Han\u00f3i d\u00e1 in\u00edcio \u00e0 Primeira Guerra da Indochina"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h1>\n

As for\u00e7as vietnamitas lideradas por Ho Chi Minh conclamavam a toda a popula\u00e7\u00e3o para lutasse pelo fim do jugo franc\u00eas<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
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<\/i>\u00c9 no dia 19 de\u00a0dezembro\u00a0de 1946 que\u00a0as for\u00e7as do Viet Minh comandadas\u00a0por\u00a0Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh lan\u00e7am uma\u00a0ofensiva noturna\u00a0sobre\u00a0a\u00a0capital\u00a0Han\u00f3i, fazendo com que as\u00a0tropas\u00a0coloniais francesas capitulassem\u00a0diante\u00a0dos\u00a0rebeldes\u00a0comunistas.\u00a0Come\u00e7ava\u00a0a primeira\u00a0Guerra\u00a0da Indochina.<\/p>\n

Naquela\u00a0noite, o\u00a0l\u00edder\u00a0revolucion\u00e1rio\u00a0emitiu uma proclama\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0em que\u00a0dizia que todos\u00a0os vietnamitas deviam se levantar e\u00a0combater\u00a0os colonialistas franceses\u00a0para\u00a0salvar\u00a0a\u00a0p\u00e1tria.\u00a0Aqueles\u00a0que tivesseem fuzis, deveriam usar\u00a0seus\u00a0fuzis. Os\u00a0que\u00a0tinham\u00a0espadas, o mesmo.\u00a0Aqueles\u00a0que\u00a0n\u00e3o\u00a0possu\u00edssem nem\u00a0fuzis\u00a0nem\u00a0espadas, que\u00a0se trouxessem\u00a0p\u00e1s, enxadas ou peda\u00e7os de pau. Todos\u00a0deveriam se\u00a0empenhar\u00a0na oposi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0aos colonialistas e\u00a0salvar\u00a0a\u00a0terra.\u00a0Mesmo\u00a0que\u00a0tivessem de\u00a0suportar\u00a0dificuldades\u00a0na\u00a0resist\u00eancia,\u00a0com\u00a0a\u00a0determina\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de\u00a0fazer\u00a0sacrif\u00edcios, a vit\u00f3ria\u00a0seguramente viria, acreditava o l\u00edder.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh deixou\u00a0sua terra\u00a0natal\u00a0em\u00a01911\u00a0para trabalhar como\u00a0cozinheiro\u00a0num\u00a0navio\u00a0franc\u00eas. Ap\u00f3s\u00a0v\u00e1rios\u00a0anos\u00a0como\u00a0marinheiro, viveu\u00a0em\u00a0Londres, Paris,\u00a0onde, inclusive, em 1920,\u00a0tornou-se\u00a0membro\u00a0fundador do\u00a0Partido\u00a0Comunista\u00a0Franc\u00eas.\u00a0Mais\u00a0tarde, trabalhou na Uni\u00e3o\u00a0Sovi\u00e9tica,\u00a0onde\u00a0estudou\u00a0t\u00e1ticas\u00a0revolucion\u00e1rias e tornou-se part\u00edcipe ativo da\u00a0Internacional\u00a0Comunista.\u00a0Em1924, viajou\u00a0para\u00a0a China dedicou-se \u00e0 reintegra\u00e7\u00e3o dos comunistas\u00a0vietnamitas exilados.\u00a0Retornaria\u00a0ao Vietn\u00e3\u00a0apenas em\u00a01941.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Wikicommons
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\nAs for\u00e7as vietnamitas lideradas por Ho Chi Minh conclamavam a toda a popula\u00e7\u00e3o para lutasse pelo fim do jugo franc\u00eas<\/p>\n

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Em\u00a0seu\u00a0pa\u00eds, estruturou a\u00a0organiza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0guerrilheira\u00a0Viet Minh, visando \u00e0 luta\u00a0pela\u00a0independ\u00eancia\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3. O Jap\u00e3o ocupou a Indochina francesa\u00a0em\u00a01940, colaborando\u00a0com\u00a0os\u00a0oficiais franceses\u00a0leais\u00a0ao\u00a0regime\u00a0de Vichy.\u00a0Entrementes, Ho fez contatos com\u00a0os\u00a0Aliados, ajudando nas\u00a0opera\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0contra\u00a0os japoneses no sul\u00a0da China. No\u00a0come\u00e7o\u00a0de 1945, o Jap\u00e3o expulsou a administra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0francesa no Vietn\u00e3, executando diversos de seus membros.<\/p>\n

Quando\u00a0o Jap\u00e3o capitulou\u00a0diante\u00a0dos\u00a0Aliados\u00a0em\u00a0dois de\u00a0setembro\u00a0de 1945, Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh sentiu-se\u00a0suficientemente\u00a0encorajado\u00a0para declarar\u00a0a\u00a0independ\u00eancia\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3 da Fran\u00e7a.\u00a0For\u00e7as\u00a0francesas ocuparam o Vietn\u00e3 do\u00a0Sul\u00a0e abriram\u00a0negocia\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0com\u00a0os comunistas\u00a0vietnamitas no\u00a0norte. As tentativas de acordo fracassaram\u00a0em novembro\u00a0de 1946.\u00a0Incontinente,\u00a0navios\u00a0de\u00a0Guerra\u00a0franceses bombardearam a\u00a0cidade\u00a0de Haiphong, no\u00a0norte\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3, matando\u00a0milhares\u00a0de\u00a0habitantes.\u00a0Em\u00a0resposta, o Viet Minh lan\u00e7ou um\u00a0poderoso\u00a0ataque\u00a0contra\u00a0os franceses\u00a0em\u00a0Han\u00f3i\u00a0em\u00a0dezembro daquele ano. As\u00a0tropas\u00a0francesas\u00a0imediatamente\u00a0revidaram e Ho e seus\u00a0seguidores\u00a0encontraram\u00a0ref\u00fagio\u00a0numa\u00a0\u00e1rea\u00a0remota\u00a0do\u00a0norte do Vietn\u00e3. O Viet Minh,\u00a0invicto\u00a0e\u00a0amplamente\u00a0apoiado\u00a0pelo\u00a0povo vietnamita, desencadeou uma\u00a0crescente\u00a0e\u00a0efetiva\u00a0Guerra\u00a0de guerrilha\u00a0contra\u00a0as\u00a0tropas\u00a0francesas.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0conflito\u00a0estendeu-se\u00a0por\u00a0oito\u00a0anos,\u00a0com\u00a0Mao Tse Tung e os comunistas\u00a0chineses apoiando o Viet Minh, enquanto os\u00a0Estados\u00a0Unidos ajudavam os franceses e as\u00a0for\u00e7as\u00a0reacion\u00e1rias da col\u00f4nia.\u00a0Em 1954, a\u00a0Fran\u00e7a sofreu uma\u00a0grande\u00a0derrota\u00a0em\u00a0Dien Bien Phu, no noroeste\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3, motivando negocia\u00e7\u00f5es de\u00a0paz\u00a0e a\u00a0divis\u00e3o\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3 ao\u00a0longo\u00a0do\u00a0Paralelo\u00a017. O Vietn\u00e3\u00a0foi dividido\u00a0em\u00a0duas\u00a0regi\u00f5es:\u00a0norte\u00a0e\u00a0sul,\u00a0com\u00a0Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh no\u00a0comando\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3 do\u00a0Norte\u00a0e o\u00a0imperador\u00a0Bao Dai no\u00a0controle do Vietn\u00e3 do\u00a0Sul.<\/p>\n

No\u00a0final\u00a0dos\u00a0anos\u00a01950, Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh organizou\u00a0um\u00a0movimento guerrilheiro\u00a0comunista\u00a0no\u00a0sul, chamado de Vietcong. O Vietn\u00e3 do Norte\u00a0e o Vietcong enfrentaram\u00a0com\u00a0sucesso\u00a0uma\u00a0s\u00e9rie\u00a0de governos\u00a0corruptos\u00a0e\u00a0ineficientes, sustentados\u00a0por\u00a0Washington, dando\u00a0in\u00edcio\u00a0em\u00a01964 a\u00a0uma\u00a0longa\u00a0resist\u00eancia\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0interven\u00e7\u00e3o militar\u00a0dos\u00a0Estados\u00a0Unidos,\u00a0conhecida\u00a0como\u00a0a\u00a0Guerra\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh morreu\u00a0em\u00a0dois de\u00a0setembro\u00a0de 1969, 25\u00a0anos\u00a0ap\u00f3s\u00a0a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de\u00a0Independ\u00eancia\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3 da Fran\u00e7a e\u00a0seis\u00a0anos antes\u00a0que\u00a0suas\u00a0tropas\u00a0conseguissem\u00a0unificar\u00a0o\u00a0norte\u00a0e o\u00a0sul\u00a0sob um\u00a0governo\u00a0comunista. Saigon, a\u00a0capital\u00a0do Vietn\u00e3 do\u00a0Sul\u00a0passou a se\u00a0chamar\u00a0Cidade\u00a0de Ho\u00a0Chi\u00a0Minh a\u00a0partir\u00a0de 1975,\u00a0quando\u00a0os comunistas\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0eram\u00a0donos\u00a0de\u00a0todo\u00a0o\u00a0territ\u00f3rio\u00a0vietnamita.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As for\u00e7as vietnamitas lideradas por Ho Chi Minh conclamavam a toda a popula\u00e7\u00e3o para lutasse pelo fim do jugo franc\u00eas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":228239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-228238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","category-municipios"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/hanoy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228238"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228238\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/228239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acaopopular.net\/jornal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}